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                                                                Indirect speech

Materi tentang Direct dan Indirect Speech – Pengertian Direct Speech adalah kalimat langsung / kutipan asli pada suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya suatu perubahan. Penulisan Direct Speech selalu di apit oleh tanda kutip dan kalimat selalu di awali huruf kapital.

Indirect Speech adalah kalimat tidak langsung / bentuk kalimat yang menceritakan kembali pendapat / pembicaraan seseorang yang mengalami modifikasi tertentu.

Pengertian dan contoh direct speech dan indirect speech

Terdapat tiga jenis direct speech dan indirect speech :

Kalimat Berita / Pernyataan ( Declarative / Statement )

Contoh Kalimat :

Direct : She says: “I go to school everyday.”

Indirect : She says that he goes to school everyday.

Direct : Doni said: “I am doing my job here now.”

Indirect : Doni said that he was doing his job there then.

Kalimat Perintah ( Command )

* Positive Command

Dalam pola ini kalimat pengantar dinyatakan dengan kata kerja : tell, ask, advise, etc. Diikuti oleh “to infinitive“.

Contoh Kalimat Positif Command :

Direct : The teacher said to me : “open your book”

Indirect : The teacher asked me to open my book

* Negative Command

Contoh Kalimat Negative Command :

Direct : Father asked me : “ Don’t go out”

Indirect : Father asked me no to go out.

Kalimat Pertanyaan ( Question )

Bila pertanyaan langsung dalam bentuk YES dan NO answer maka IF atau WHETHER sebagai pendukung antara introductory phrase dan reported words.

Kalimat pengantar untuk pola ialah :

He asked me IF / WHETHER……

Contoh Kalimat :

Direct : we asked the man “Do you like coffe?”

Indirect : we asked the man if/whether he liked coffe.

Direct : seisy asked Helen : “have you seen that film?”

Indirect : seisy asked Helen if/whether she had seen that film.

Direct : we asked him : ”will you be doing anything by this time tomorrow?”

Indirect : we asked him if/whether he would be doing anything by this time tomorrow.

Auxiliaries

Direct : the man asked me :’’can you speak English?

Indirect : the man asked me if/whether I could speak English

Bila pertanyaan menggunakan kata-kata Tanya seperti : where, when, what, why, who, whose, how, etc. maka kata-kata tersebut berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara introductory pharse dan reported words, dengan pola sbb:

He asked me + Question Words+reported words(positive)

Contoh Kalimat:

Direct : we asked the man :’where do you live?”

Indirect : we asked the man where he live.

Direct : we asked him :’’ where were you going by 5 p.m yesterday?”

Indirect : we asked him where he had been going by 5 p.m yesterday.

MIXED TYPE (GABUNGAN)

Bila suatu pernyataan(statement), dan pertanyaan (question) digabung maka digunakan kata penghubung AND dan AS. Perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut ini :

Direct : adi said to seisi : I’am off to the movie. Where are you going?

Indirect : adi said to seisi that he was off to the movie and asked where she was going

Direct : the man asked me :’’what time is it? My watch has stopped’’

Indirect : the man asked me what time it was as his watch had stopped

Bila suatu pertanyaan dan jawabannya (YES & NO) digabung, maka digunakan kata penghubung AND dan BUT.

Contoh Kalimat :

Direct : I asked him:’’Do you like this?Yes, (I do)

Indirect : I asked him if/whether he liked that and he said he did.

Direct : nia asked doni :’’will you go out tonight? No, (I won’t)

Indirect : nia asked donin if/whether he would go out that night but he said he wouldn’t.

Beberapa hal penting yang perlu diperhatikan!

A. Must

Dalam bentuk present

Must menjadi Had to

Contoh :

Direct : She told me, “You must stay She told me that.

Indirect : Here until 11.00” I had to stay there until 11.00.

Dalam bentuk future

Must menjadi would have to

Contoh :

Direct : He told me,”you must come again tomorrow”

Indirect : He told me that I would have to come the following day

Larangan atau hukuman

Must menjadi musn’t/wasn’t to

Direct : He told me,”you musn’t drive a car without license”.

Indirect : He told me that I musn’t a car without a license drive.

B. Kebenaran umum tidak mengalami perubahan tense

Contoh :

Direct : He told me,’’the sun rises in the east”

Indirect : He told me the sun rises in the east.

C. Offers (Menawarkan)

Contoh :

Direct : “shall I bring you some tea?”

Indirect : He offered to bring me some tea.

D. Let’s

Let’s biasanya menyatakan suatu ajakan dan kemudian menjadi suatu saran dalam indirect speech.

Contoh :

Direct : He said,”let’s leave the case at the station”

Indirect : He suggested leaving the case at the station.

E . Exclamation

Exclamations(seruan,heran,kagum,dsb). Harus menjadi suatu pernyataan dalam indirect speech

Contoh:Direct : he said,”what a beautiful hair she has!”

Indirect : he said that she had a beautiful hair.

Direct : he said,”what a dreadful thing!”

Indirect : he said that it was a dreadful thing.

referensi : http://triicecsfabregas.blogspot.com/2012/03/direct-and-indirect-speech.html